微弧氧化Mg-3Al-1Zn镁合金应力腐蚀和腐蚀疲劳行为研究

本文主要对微弧氧化Mg-3Al-1Zn镁合金在空气和3.5 wt.%硫酸钠溶液两种环境下的应力腐蚀和腐蚀疲劳行为进行研究，并讨论其相互关系。微弧氧化处理后，Mg-3Al-1Zn镁合金的耐蚀性能得到明显改善。与Mg-3Al-1Zn镁合金基体相比，在空气中，微弧氧化后合金的应力腐蚀和腐蚀疲劳强度均下降了大约10 MPa。在3.5 wt.%硫酸钠溶液环境中，微弧氧化后合金的腐蚀疲劳性能仍然是恶化的，但是应力腐蚀强度却得到了显著改善，从58.24 MPa提高至202.08 MPa。这表明材料的力学性能（应力腐蚀和腐蚀疲劳）并不是与其腐蚀性能完全保持线性关系的。微弧氧化处理后镁合金在空气中的应力腐蚀断口为韧性断裂，在硫酸钠溶液环境中为解理断裂。而其腐蚀疲劳断口不论是在空气中还是在腐蚀环境中均为解理断裂。这主要是由于腐蚀环境和变换循环载荷的影响，两者共同作用将会加速裂纹扩展。这表明，周围环境和加载类型对材料断裂机理有重要影响。     

Ti-6Al-4V电弧熔丝增材轧制复合制造的有限元模拟

增材制造过程中由于在凝固及随后的冷却阶段易产生残余应力,从而影响部件的成形和使用。在增材过程中引入轧制工序,可望降低宏观残余应力,从而降低部件的变形。本文通过建立Ti-6Al-4V钛合金电弧熔丝增材与层间轧制复合成形过程的有限元模型,研究圆柱形轧辊条件下不同压下量对部件温度、应力、应变及残余应力分布的影响规律。结果表明,层间轧制可显著降低沉积层金属中的残余宏观应力；同时降低对基板的整体应力。采用圆柱形轧辊并增加压下量可显著降低宏观残余应力,还可以通过塑性变形改变材料的微观组织,提高材料性能,为复合增材工艺的优化指明了方向。     

Effects of welding parameters and welding sequence on residual stress and distortion in Al6061-T6 aluminum alloy for T-shaped welded joint

The distribution of temperature and then the distribution of residual stress and distortion in the stiffened aluminum alloy Al6061-T6 plates under the metal inert gas (MIG) welding process were investigated by three dimensional thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model using Ansys software. The properties of materials were considered temperature-dependent and the filler metal was added to the workpiece by the element birth and death technique. In three modes of current, two different speeds and two various sequences, the distribution of residual stress and distortion were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that increase in welding speed decreased the vertical deflection in the plate, transverse shrinkage and angular distortion of plate and the lateral deflection of stiffener, but increased the maximum longitudinal tensile stress in the plate and stiffener. Furthermore, increase in current increased the residual stress and deformation in the plate and stiffener, and the change in the welding sequence changed the distribution of the distortion in the plate and the stiffener without significant change in the distribution of the longitudinal residual stress.     

金属薄板平面铣削形变分析与控制

由于初始残余应力的作用,金属薄板平面加工普遍存在加工难度大,加工变形严重等问题,难以保证板面的加工质量。以不锈钢薄板的平面加工为基础,通过理论分析、仿真模拟和实验验证的方式,对金属薄板的加工形变进行较为系统的研究,分析了金属薄板加工形变的关键因素,总结了金属薄板残余应力分布形式以及有效避免加工形变的工艺方法,为类似金属板材加工提供理论参考依据。     

近距离煤层煤柱下应力分布和巷道支护技术

针对和尚嘴煤业近距离煤层煤柱下掘进巷道变形大的问题,在介绍地质力学特征的基础上,采用数值模拟分析上部煤层不同方式采动后,采空区和煤柱在下部煤层的应力分布情况。分析煤柱下巷道变形特点和支护要点,结合高预应力强力锚杆支护理论,提出合理的锚网与锚索联合支护设计,现场试验效果明显。     

Measurement of residual stresses in dissimilar friction stir-welded aluminium and copper plates using the contour method

The longitudinal residual stresses in the friction stir-welded plates of 5A06 aluminium and pure copper were determined using the contour method. The results revealed the presence of high tensile and compressive residual stresses on the aluminium and copper sides, respectively. The residual stresses were detected on the weld zone as well as the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) of the aluminium plate. In contrast, the compressive residual stresses in the copper plate had a much narrower width along the weld line. Peak tensile stresses up to 240?MPa were found in the TMAZ of the aluminium plate.     

Numerical modeling assessment of mechanical effect in bovine leather drying process

Leather manufacturing involves a crucial energy-intensive drying stage in the finishing process to remove its residual moisture and generates important heat gradients. The numerical model presented in this study has been developed to describe the drying process of porous medium: bovine leather that undergoes deformation due to shrinkage. The mathematical formulation of fundamental heat, mass and momentum transfers’ phenomena during drying summarizes a two-dimensional model considering elastic behavior of bovine leather. The evolution of moisture content, temperature, and mechanical stresses during drying was discussed. The model was validated with experimental results. Numerical simulations show good agreement with experimental results. The study shows that the elastic model keeps the stress sign at the final stage of drying. The deformations induce tensional stresses near the surface equilibrated by compressive stresses within the product. They reached their maximum for normal stresses equal to 5.97 and 3.52?MPa at around 2145 and 868?s, respectively, for normal stresses along x and y directions and then decrease.     

An approach to measure infill matric suction of irregular infilled rock joints under constant normal stiffness shearing

Rock joints infilled with sediments can strongly influence the strength of rock mass. As infilled joints often exist under unsaturated condition, this study investigated the influence of matric suction of infill on the overall joint shear strength. A novel technique that allows direct measurement of matric suction of infill using high capacity tensiometers (HCTs) during direct shear of infilled joints under constant normal stiffness (CNS) is described. The CNS apparatus was modified to accommodate the HCT and the procedure is explained in detail. Joint specimens were simulated by gypsum plaster using three-dimensional (3D) printed surface moulds, and filled with kaolin and sand mixture prepared at different water contents. Shear behaviours of both planar infilled joints and rough joints having joint roughness coefficients (JRCs) of 8–10 and 18–20 with the ratios of infill thickness to asperity height (t/a) equal to 0.5 were investigated. Matric suction shows predominantly unimodal behaviour during shearing of both planar and rough joints, which is closely associated with the variation of unloading rate and volumetric changes of the infill material. As expected, two-peak behaviour was observed for the rough joints and both peaks increased with the increase of infill matric suction. The results suggest that the contribution of matric suction of infill on the joint peak normalised shear stress is relatively independent of the joint roughness.